1. He Kupu Whakataki ki ngā Pēke Whatu me ā rātou Hangarau Tukatuka
Ko ngā pēke whatu kirihou he mea hanga i te polypropylene (PP), he mea hanga mā te whakaputa, te kukume miro, te raranga, me te hanga pēke. He kirihou wera āhua-mārama, āhua-kirihou te PP, he kaha teitei, he pai te whakamarumaru, he iti te mimiti wai, he teitei te pāmahana whakatakoto wera, he iti te mātotoru, me te teitei o te kirihou, koia te rauemi matua mō ngā pēke whatu. Ko ngā whakakī kua whakarerekētia ko te muka karāhe, ngā whakakī kohuke, me te rapa kirihou wera.
He whānuitia ngā whakamahinga o ngā putea kirihou whatu. I tēnei wā, ko te nuinga o ēnei e whakamahia ana mō ngā takai hua ahuwhenua, ngā takai putea sima, ngā takai kai, te hangarau whenua, te kawe tūruhi, me ngā rauemi whakahaere waipuke.
E toru ngā wāhanga matua o ngā putea whatu: ngā putea whatu kirihou (ngā putea whatu kore-whakakiripiri), ngā putea whatu kirihou hiato, me ngā momo papanga whatu.
Te tukanga whakaputa kirihoungā putea whatupenei: ka tāia, ka tapahia, ka tuia te papanga whatu hei putea whatu. I runga i te taputapu e whakamahia ana, ka taea te tapahi i mua i te tā, ka taea rānei te tā i mua i te tapahi. Ka taea e te tapahi me te tuitui aunoa te whakaoti tonu i ngā tukanga tā, tapahi, me te tuitui. Ka taea hoki e ia te whakaputa putea takirere, putea whakakī-papa, me ētahi atu. Mō ngā papanga whatu noa, ka taea te hono i te hononga tuitui-waenganui i mua i te hanga putea.
Te tukanga whakaputa o te ranunga matūngā putea whatu kirihouKo te mahi nei ko te whakarārangi, te paninga rānei i te papanga whatu, te rauemi paninga, me te pepa, te kiriata rānei. Ka taea te tapahi, te tā, me te tuia te papanga ngongo, te papanga rau rānei ka puta hei hanga putea raro noa. Ka taea hoki te wero, te whakapiko, te tapahi, te tā, me te tuia hei hanga putea sima. Ka taea te here i te papanga rau ka puta hei hononga ki waenganui, te tā, te tapahi, me te whakapiri ki raro hei hanga putea raro kua whakapirihia. Ka taea hoki te whakarewa me te huri hei hanga tarpaulin me ngā geotextile.
Ka taea te pani, te wete rānei i ngā papanga whatu noa hei hanga tāpaurinī, kākahu whenua, me ētahi atu. Ka taea hoki te haehae me te pani, te wete rānei i ngā papanga ngongo hei hanga tāpaurinī, kākahu whenua rānei, me ētahi atu.
2. Ngā Tikanga me ngā Tikanga Tukatuka Pēke Whatu
2.1 Te Whakapūtanga
He taahiraa nui te whakapūpū kirihou i roto i te tukatuka hua kirihou. Ko te nuinga o ngā rauemi mata kirihou me whakapūpū i muri i te hanganga i mua i te whakamahinga, ā, ka pā tika tēnei hangarau ki te kounga o ngā hua kirihou. Ko ngā tukanga whakapūpū matua ko: te puranga, te whakaputa, te tātari, te whakamatao wai, te kukume, te whakapūpū, te whakamaroke, me te takai.
Ka tāpirihia te paura polypropylene, ngā momo tāpiringa, me te konupūmā kāponāte whakahohe ki tētahi mīhini whakaranu tere-rahi i roto i tētahi ōwehenga me te raupapatanga motuhake. Whai muri i te whakaranu i te tere iti ki te tere teitei mō tētahi wā, ka whakanohoia te ranunga ki roto i tētahi hopper ka haria e tētahi whāngai tīwiri. Ka tomo te rauemi ki te oko mā te tomokanga whāngai, ka rewahia, ka whakakirihouhia e te oko me te tīwiri, ka tukuna tonutia, ka pumau hoki hei rīpene. Ka whakamataohia, ka hangaia ngā rīpene ki roto i tētahi tāke wai, kātahi ka whakamaroketia e tētahi pā whakamaroketia, ka whakamataohia e te pā, kātahi ka whakapūpūhia e tētahi mīhini whakapūpū. Whai muri i te tirotiro a tētahi mata wiri, ka haria ngā rīpene e tētahi pā haria ki tētahi moenga wai hei whakamaroke i te moenga wai. Hei whakamutunga, ka tomo ngā rīpene ki tētahi tāke rauemi, ā, ka ngotea e te whāngai te rauemi mai i te tāke ki roto i tētahi tāke rokiroki. Whai muri i te tirotiro a ngā pūpū, ka tākaihia kia rite ki te rahinga, ka oti te tukanga whakaputa katoa. 2.2 Te Tuhi Miro Ko te tuhi miro, e mōhiotia ana ko te tuhi miro papatahi, ko te tapahi muka rānei, he tukanga matua i roto i ngā raina whakaputa putea whatu; waihoki, ko te waeine tuhi miro te taputapu matua o tētahi wheketere hanga putea whatu. Ka pā tika te kounga o te tukanga tā miro ki te kounga o roto, o waho hoki o te hua.
Kei roto i te tukanga miro papatahi: te whakarerekētanga rauemi mata, te whakaranu, te tae, te whakakī, te hanganga, ngā take ārai-pakeketanga me te ārai-whakangaromanga, te pāmahana, te pēhanga, me te whakahaere tere rere i te wā e whakatōngia ana, te whanonga rheological i te wā e whakatōngia ana, ngā take whakapaunga hiko me te hua, te ōwehenga kume, te ōwehenga pupuhi, te ōwehenga kume, te whakamatao tioata, te whakatakotoranga, ngā take maimoatanga wera me te hanga, te hanga i te wā e takai ana, me te tirotiro kounga o ngā miro miro.
I muri i te urunga o te rauemi mata ki te extruder, ka whakamahanahia ki waho i te 190-250℃ me te kutikuti i waenga i te tīwiri me te oko. I muri i te tata oti o te kirihou, ka tukuna te rauemi i raro i te pēhanga pumau. I muri i te hanganga i te pane o te mate, ka huri hei kiriata rewa ka uru ki te wai whakamatao. I muri i te whakamatao, ka tapahia te kiriata kia rite ki ngā miro mā ngā mata. Kātahi ka totorohia ngā miro i ngā pāmahana teitei i roto i te oumu pāmahana teitei kia hanga he miro papatahi. Kātahi ka whakamahanahia te miro papatahi ki runga i ngā roera wera, ka whakaitihia i mua i te tere kume iti, ā, ka tukatukahia i te pāmahana iti e ngā roera makariri. Hei whakamutunga, ka takaihia kia āhua mā te pūnaha takai rerekētanga.
Ka taea te whakarōpū i ngā tukanga hanga miro papatahi mā te tikanga hanga kiriata (kiriata ngongo, kiriata papatahi); mā te tikanga whakamatao i muri i te kiriata (whakamatao hau, whakamatao wai, me te whakamatao wā poto); mā te tikanga tā me te whakamahana (pereti wera, roera wera, hau wera); me te tikanga takai porowhita (takai porowhita pokapū, takai motuka taipana porowhita kotahi, me te takai taipana aukume).
Wā tuku: Hanuere-05-2026